Acetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH, an organic monovalent acid and the main component of vinegar. Pure anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colourless hygroscopic liquid with a freezing point of 16.6°C (62°F) and colourless crystals after solidification, which is weakly acidic and corrosive in its aqueous solution, and strongly corrosive to metals, and the vapour has an irritating effect on the eyes and nose.
Acetic acid is widely distributed in nature, for example, in fruits or vegetable oils, acetic acid exists mainly in the form of esters. In the tissues, excretions and blood of animals acetic acid is present as a free acid. Many microorganisms can convert different organic substances into acetic acid by fermentation.
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Industrial use:
1, acetic acid is a bulk chemical product, is one of the most important organic acids. It is mainly used in the production of acetic anhydride, acetate and cellulose acetate. Polyvinyl acetate can be made into films and adhesives, but also the raw material of synthetic fibre vinylon. Cellulose acetate can be manufactured rayon and film.
2, the formation of low-grade alcohol acetate is an excellent solvent, widely used in the paint industry. Because acetic acid that dissolves most of the organic matter, so acetic acid is also commonly used organic solvents (for example, used in the oxidation of paraxylene to produce terephthalic acid).
3, acetic acid can be used in some pickling and polishing solution, in weak acidic solution as a buffer (such as zinc plating, chemical nickel plating), in the semi-bright nickel plating electrolyte as an additive, in the zinc, cadmium passivation solution can improve the bonding of passivation film, and commonly used to adjust the pH of weak acidic plating solution.
4, used in the production of acetic acid salts, such as manganese, sodium, lead, aluminium, zinc, cobalt and other metal salts, widely used as catalysts, fabric dyeing and leather tanning industry in the additives; lead acetate is the colour of the paint lead white; lead tetraacetic acid is an organic synthetic reagent (eg, lead tetraacetic acid can be used as strong oxidizing agents to provide a source of acetoxy as well as the preparation of organic lead compounds, etc.).
5, acetic acid can also be used as an analytical reagent, organic synthesis, pigment and drug synthesis.
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