Reba: 222 Umwanditsi: Carie gutangaza igihe: 2025-02-20 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Ibikubiyemo
● Udushya twikoranabuhanga mu kubahiriza
● Inyigisho zisanzwe zerekana akamaro kanini
>> Kwiga Urubanza 1: Flint Ikibazo Cyamazi
>> Inyigo ya 2: Gahunda y'amazi ya San Diego
● Kumenyekanisha kumugaragaro no gukurikiza abaturage
● Ibihe by'ejo hazaza mu micungire y'amazi yubahiriza
● Ingaruka zubukungu zidahwitse
● Ingamba zo kongera kubahiriza
● Ibibazo
>> 1. Ni ibihe byiciro nyamukuru byo kuvura amazi yangiritse?
>> 2. Kuki kubahiriza ari ngombwa mu micungire y'amazi?
>> 3. Ni izihe ngaruka zo kutubahiriza?
>> 4. Nigute ushobora gutezimbere kubahiriza?
>> 5. Ni ayahe mabwiriza agenga imicungire y'amazi?
Gucunga amazi ni ikintu gikomeye cyo kurengera ibidukikije nubuzima rusange. Kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga Kuvura imyanda ni ngombwa mu kwemeza ko gutakaza amazi yafashwe neza mbere yo gusohoka mubidukikije. Iyi ngingo ifata akamaro ko kubahiriza mu micungire y'amazi, inzira zirimo, n'ingaruka zo kutubahiriza.
Gucunga amazi yangiritse bikubiyemo icyegeranyo, kuvura, no kujugunya imyanda yatanzwe mu gihugu, inganda, n'ubuhinzi. Intego y'ibanze ni ugukuraho abanduye hamwe n'impu zaboza kurinda ubuziranenge bw'amazi n'ubuzima rusange. Ibihingwa byo kuvura amazi (WWTPS) bigira uruhare runini muri iki gikorwa ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo kuvura imyanda nubundi bwoko bwamazi yamazi.
Inzira yo kuvura isanzwe igizwe nibyingenzi:
1. Kuvurwa: Iki cyiciro gikuraho imyanda nini kandi ikigishwa bivuye mumazi yamashanyarazi ukoresheje ecran na grigere. Iyi ntambwe yambere ningirakamaro kuko irinda ibyangiritse kubikoresho enstraft.
2. Kuvura mbere: Muri iki cyiciro, amazi ya guta amazi yemerewe gutura mubigega binini, aho biremereye biremereye birohama kugeza hasi nka sludge. Iyi nzira igabanya imitwaro kama kumateka yakurikiyeho.
3. Kuvura kabiri: inzira y'ibinyabuzima ikoreshwa mugucika intege. Ibi birashobora kuba birimo sisitemu ya stage cyangwa muyunguruzi bikoresha mikorobe kugirango urya umwanda kama.
4. Ubuvuzi bwa Tertiary: Uburyo bwo kuvura bwateye imbere bushobora gukoreshwa kugirango dukureho umwanda usigaye, harimo intungamubiri nka azote na fosishorus, rishobora gutera umwanda mu mazi yakiriye.
5. Kurangiza: Amaherezo, amazi yandujwe akoresheje chlorine cyangwa itara rya ultraviolet mbere yuko irekurwa mubidukikije cyangwa yanyuzwe no kuhira cyangwa inganda.
Kubahiriza amabwiriza yaho, igihugu, ndetse n'amahanga ni ngombwa gucunga amazi meza. Aya mabwiriza yagenewe kurengera ubuzima rusange nibidukikije areba ko gutakaza inkota ifatwa neza mbere yo gusohoka.
. Ni itegeko rishingiye ku gusohora ibikoresho, tubikemeza ko bahuye n'imipaka yihariye.
- Amabwiriza yubumwe bwi Burayi: Aya mabwiriza agamije kwemeza ko imibiri y'amazi yose yujuje ibidukikije saa mubiri27, guteza imbere amazi arambye akoresha mu Burayi.
- Amabwiriza yibanze: Uturere twinshi dufite amabwiriza yihariye akemura ibibazo bidukikije bishingiye ku bidukikije, nk'ibipimo by'intungamubiri cyangwa ibisabwa byihariye bya pathogen.
Kunanirwa kubahiriza amabwiriza y'amazi ashobora kuganisha ku ngaruka zikomeye:
- Ibyangiritse ku bidukikije: Amazi atavuwe cyangwa adafite nabi arashobora kwanduza inzuzi, ibiyaga, n'inyanja, byangiza urumogi rw'ibinyabuzima. Kurugero, intungamubiri zirenze zirashobora kuganisha kuri algal blooms zidahungabanye ogisijeni mumibiri y'amazi.
- Ibibazo byubuzima rusange: Kutubahiriza birashobora gutera ikwirakwizwa ryindwara zamazi zatewe nubutaka butagaragara mumyanya itavuwe. Gutakarwa indwara nka kolera cyangwa umuganda bishobora kubaho mugihe amazi yanduye akoreshwa mugunywa cyangwa gushaka imyidagaduro.
. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura akenshi ikora igenzura no gukurikirana kugirango ukomeze kubahiriza.
Gukurikiza ibipimo byubahiriza gutanga inyungu nyinshi:
- Kurengera ubuzima rusange: hemeza ko abaturage badahuye n'impuguke zangiza zishobora kuganisha ku bibazo by'ubuzima.
- Kubungabunga ibidukikije: bifasha gukomeza ibinyabuzima byiza mu gukumira umwanda ushobora guhungabanya amazu yo mu mazi.
- Gukora neza: Ibikoresho byubahiriza amabwiriza dukunze gukora neza, kugabanya imyanda nibiciro bifitanye isano ninshinga cyangwa imbaraga zo gukosora.
Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere kubahiriza mu micungire y'amazi:
- Sisitemu yo gukurikirana-igihe cyo gukurikirana-igihe cyo gukomeza gukurikirana ubuziranenge bwamazi nka PH, uhindagurika, hamwe na ogisijeni ya ogisijeni (cod), kwemeza ibisubizo ku gihe cyo gutandukana.
- Tekinoroji yateye imbere: Udushya nkabahanga mu binyabuzima (MBRS) na Revend Osmose (Ro) Gutanga urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukuraho neza bakuramo neza ku rwego rwa molekile.
- Isesengura ryamakuru na AI: Kwishyira hamwe nubwenge bwubukorikori (AI) mumakuru afasha guhanura ibibazo bishobora kubahiriza mugusesengura amakuru yamateka hamwe nibikorwa byamateka.
Ikibazo cyamazi cyamazi gikora nkibutsa ingaruka zishingiye ku ngaruka zo kutubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byamazi. Muri 2014, umujyi wahinduye isoko y'amazi ku ruzi rwa flint nta ngamba zihagije zo kuvura. Kubera iyo mpamvu, biganisha ku miyoboro yo gusaza mu mazi yo kunywa, agaragaza abaturage ingaruka zikomeye z'ubuzima. Ibi bintu bishimangira akamaro ko gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza yo kubahiriza mu kurengera ubuzima rusange.
San Diego yashyize mu bikorwa porogaramu igendanwa isengera amazi ashimangira kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho by'amazi. Porogaramu ifata amazi hasi binyuze mu nzira ziteye imbere nka microfiltration kandi ihindura osmose mbere yuko ikoreshwa mu kuhira no mu nganda. Iyi gahunda yo kutagumana amazi gusa ahubwo yerekana uburyo kubahiriza bishobora kuganisha kubintu bishya byo gucunga umutungo urambye.
Kumenyekanisha kumugaragaro bigira uruhare runini muguteza imbere kubahiriza ibikorwa byo gucunga amazi. Imiryango igomba kumenyeshwa akamaro ko guta imyanda ikwiye n'ingaruka zo kwanduza inzira zamazi.
Gahunda z'uburezi zigamije amashuri n'ibihugu by'abaturage birashobora guteza imbere umuco wo kuba igisonga cyibidukikije. Ingingo zishobora kuba zirimo:
- akamaro ko kugabanya 3 gukoresha plastiki
- Uburyo bwo kujugunya neza imiti yo murugo
- Gusobanukirwa uburyo ibikorwa bya buri muntu bigira uruhare muri rusange
Kwishora mu baturage mu gukurikirana ingufu birashobora kuzamura ibikorwa. Imishinga siyanse y'abaturage yemerera abaturage kwitabira ikusanyamakuru rijyanye n'ubwiza bw'amazi yaho, kurengera uburyo bwo gutunga ibidukikije.
Mugihe tureba ejo hazaza, uburyo bwinshi bushobora kubahiriza kubahiriza imicungire yamazi:
1. Kongera amabwiriza: Guverinoma ku isi hose ziteganijwe ko zingana no koroshya amategeko agenga intungamubiri kubera kwihingamo.
2. Kumenya amakuru: Kumenya no kugenga no kugenga byanduye nk'imiti n'ibicuruzwa byita ku giti cyabo bizarushaho gukoresha ingaruka zabyo ku rubyaro.
3. Imyitozo irambye: Hazabaho gusunika uburyo burambye muri WWTPS, harimo na sisitemu yo kugarura ingufu zihindura imyanda kugirango ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.
Kutubahiriza ntibifite ingaruka z'ibidukikije gusa ahubwo n'ibiri ku bijyanye n'ubukungu bwa komine n'inganda bagize uruhare mu micungire y'amazi:
1. Kongera ibiciro: Ibikoresho byabonetse kutiyubaha birashobora kugura ibiciro bifatika kubera amande yashyizweho ninzego zishinzwe kugenzura. Byongeye kandi, barashobora gukenera gushora imari muri sisitemu yo gusubira inyuma cyangwa tekinoroji yo kuzamura kugirango bahure nubuziranenge.
2. Gutakaza Icyizere rusange: Imiryango irashobora gutakaza icyizere mu nzego z'ibanze cyangwa inganda niba babonye uburangare ku bijyanye n'ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije. Iki gihombo gishobora kuganisha ku kugabana imitungo cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka mubikorwa byaho kwishingikiriza kumutungo wamazi meza.
3. Amafaranga yubwishingizi: Ibigo byunvikana ibibazo bitakubahiriza bishobora kubona amafaranga yubwishingizi buzavaho kubera gusuzuma ingaruka zijyanye ningaruka zishoboka zangiritse kubidukikije.
4. Ibibazo byiterambere byubukungu: Ahantu hazwiho imigenzo mibi y'ibidukikije irashobora guharanira gukurura ubucuruzi bushya cyangwa ishoramari kubera impungenge zijyanye n'imikorere irambye igira ingaruka ku mikorere miremire igira ingaruka ku mikorere mirahamwe y'igihe kirekire.
Kuzamura kubahiriza muri sisitemu yo gucunga amazi meza:
1. Gahunda zisanzwe zo guhugura
2. Ubugenzuzi bwimbere: Gukora ubugenzuzi bwimbere bwimbere bifasha kumenya ahantu hashobora kuba abadafite ubugenzuzi bushobora kubaho mbere yo gukora ibigo bikosorwa nibiba ngombwa.
3. Ubufatanye ninzego zishinzwe kugenzura: Kubaka umubano ukomeye hagati yabakoresha wa WWTP hamwe ninzego zishinzwe kugenzura zitera imiyoboro ihamye yerekeye ibiteganijwe mugihe utanga ibikoresho bikenewe kugirango ukomeze kubahiriza neza.
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5. INYITONDO KUBIKORESHWA Byukuri: Gutanga inkunga byamafaranga cyangwa gahunda yo kumenyekana bitera inkunga ibikoresho bishya byerekana ikoranabuhanga rinoze rirenze ibisabwa byibuze byo kugenzura & abaturage kimwe!
Mugusoza-kubahiriza gukurikiranwa muri buri kintu gifitanye isano no gucunga umutungo wacu w'agaciro! Mugushyira imbere gukurikiza inzego zose - uhereye ku bakozi bakora binyuze mu bufatanye n'abaturage - twe hamwe dusangiye kurwanya ubuzima bw'abantu & ubunyangamugayo bwibidukikije!
Binyuze mu bikorwa byuburezi bikomeje byahujwe na tekinorono yikoranabuhanga - twe Pave inzira zigana ejo hazaza birambye aho amazi meza arakura!
The main stages include preliminary treatment (removing large debris), primary treatment (settling solids), secondary treatment (biological breakdown), tertiary treatment (advanced removal), and disinfection.
Kubahiriza biremeza ko amazi yo gutakaza neza mbere yo gusohoka, kurengera ubuzima rusange n'ibidukikije biva mu kaga.
Ingaruka zirimo ibyangiritse ku bidukikije, ingaruka z'ubuzima rusange ziterwa n'indwara z'amazi, kandi ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko nkamande cyangwa ibikoresho byo guhagarika.
Urwego rwo gukurikiranira mu ikoranabuhanga nka sisitemu yo gukurikirana igihe cyo gukurikirana no kuvura ibintu byateye imbere kuzamura kubahiriza no gutanga urwego rukora neza kandi rwo kuvura.
Amabwiriza akomeye arimo igikorwa cyamazi meza muri Amerika, amabwiriza y'amazi yubumwe yuburayi, hamwe namabwiriza atandukanye ajyanye nimpungenge zihariye ibidukikije.
Iyi ngingo irerekana abakora stannous ya Stannous Stannous nabatanga isoko mu Bwongereza, bibanda kubicuruzwa byabo, porogaramu zinganda, no kuboneka isoko. Ishimangira imbaraga za UB mu gutanga isuku yo hejuru cyane yo kuvuza isuku yo kuvura ibintu, gutunganya amazi, no gufata amatora. Abakinnyi bakomeye nka Reaxis na Atotech bayoboye isoko hamwe nibisubizo bishya, mugihe OEM Inkunga hamwe nubusabane bushinzwe kugenzura bikomeza kuba inyungu zingenzi zUmutanga wo mu Bwongereza. Ingingo ikemura kandi igenamigambi rikoreshwa kandi rikubiyemo amafaranga arambuye kugirango afashe abanyamwuga b'inganda.
Ubudage butera Uburayi muri Stannous Stannous Fulfate yo Gukora, gutanga ubuziranenge, imiti yizewe ingenzi kuri electraplating, umusaruro wikirahure, umusaruro wikirahure, imiti ya faruceti, nibindi byinshi. Urufunguzo rwibanze rwabanyeshuri nka tib imiti yigituba, univar ibisubizo gmbh, na VMP Chemiekontor GmbH itanga ibisubizo bihujwe, kugenzura ubuziranenge, hamwe no gukwirakwiza isi ibisabwa byinganda.
Iyi ngingo irashakisha abakora stannous ya stannous balfate nabatanga ibiranze mu Burayi, bagaragaza amasosiyete ayobora nka chib imiti na chimica Pazeri. Irasobanura tekinoroji yumusaruro, ibipimo byiza, gusaba inganda, hamwe na serivisi za OEM, Gutanga ubushishozi kumasoko asaba imiti isaba isuku yo hejuru.
Iyi ngingo irashakisha abakora stannous ya Stannous na Porogaramu mu Bufaransa, igaragaza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, bubahiriza ingamba za OEM, hamwe na serivisi zingenzi mu nganda, ibikoresho by'ibikoresho, no gucunga amazi.
Iyi ngingo irashakisha abakora stannous ya stannous hamwe nabatanga ibigo byingenzi, ibisobanuro birambuye, imiterere yibicuruzwa, inganda zitangirwa, gahunda yo gukora, kugenzura ubuziranenge. Irerekana inyungu zo gukuramo stannous sunnous sulfate hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye nubufasha bwa tekiniki. Amashusho yubushishozi yerekana imiterere ya stannous, umusaruro, hamwe nibisabwa mubikorwa byinganda. Hanyuma, ibiciro bikemura ibibazo bisanzwe bijyanye no gukoresha stannous gukoresha no gutanga.
Iyi raporo yuzuye irashakisha Abayapani ba Nikel Squlfate n'abatanga ibicuruzwa, bagaragaza ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga umusaruro, imyanya y'isoko, n'ibicuruzwa. Amaso Yerekana Amasosiyete nka Sumwekoni Inganda za Shidomo na Seido, Inganda zikoresha, inganda zikoresha, hamwe nibidukikije, byerekana uruhare runini rwibigo byabayapani mugutegura isoko ryisumbuye ryibisiya.
Koreya y'Epfo ni ihuriro ryisi yose yo kuzenguruka Nikel Fulfate, ryiganjemo korea zinc na kemco hamwe nubushobozi bwa buri mwaka bwa toni 80.000. Gutanga tekinoroji yateye imbere na tekinoroji yateye imbere hamwe na leta ishyigikiwe na leta, aba bakorera batanga ubuziranenge bwa Nikel kuri bateri y'ibinyabiziga, ubuvuzi, n'imiti. Abatanga Koreya ya Koreya yepfo batanga serivisi zuzuye kubakiriya mpuzamahanga, inama ikura ku isi no guhanga udushya no guhanga udushya, birambye, nubwiza.
Iyi ngingo itanga incamake yuzuye ya Nikel Slipricturers hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa muri Porutugali, bitwikiriye ubushobozi bwabo bwikoranabuhanga, bitwikiriye ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa, imirongo yibicuruzwa, uruhare rwibicuruzwa, no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Kugaragaza ibyifuzo bitandukanye bivuye kuri electraplating to Gukora Bateri, bikubiyemo akamaro ka Portugal kwiyongera mu ruhererekane rw'isi ya Nikel Sulfate. Biherekejwe n'amashusho afatika, ingingo ishimangira kuramba, guhanga udushya, no gutangaza nk'icyambuke cy'urwego rw'umuti wa Porutugali.
Iyi ngingo irashakisha abakora amashusho ya Nikel ba Squl hamwe nabatanga muri Espagne, bagaragaza amaturo yibicuruzwa, ibipimo byiza, nibisabwa ngengaza. Irimo gusaba inganda za Espagne, serivisi za OEM, hanyuma usobanure impamvu Espagne ihute hub yatoranijwe kwisi yose. Iyi ngingo ikubiyemo kandi ibinurwa birambuye hamwe namashusho ajyanye no gusobanukirwa neza isoko rya Nikel muri Espagne.
Ubutaliyani nickel sulfate kandi urunikiro ruragendanwa, rutandukanye, kandi rwinjijwe cyane - gushyigikira inganda zingenzi nka bateri, na cataleplating, na katali. Hamwe n'ibigo binini, serivisi zihariye, hamwe n'imikorere irambye, Abasaliyani Nikel Abakora no gutanga abakora ndetse n'ibihe byingenzi kugira ngo bashobore guhura n'isi isaba iyi miti y'ingenzi.
Iyi ngingo itanga incamake yimbitse ya Nikel Sliel Slipricturers nabatanga isoko mu Burusiya, bibanda ku masosiyete ya Noriya, kwibanda ku masosiyete, umusaruro w'ibidukikije, ibikorwa bitandukanye bya Nikel. Ikora nk'imigabane y'agaciro mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga butegereje inkomoko yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cya Nikel yo mu Burusiya.
Aluminum alloys ihinduka ibikoresho byingenzi mu nganda zigezweho, bitewe n'uburemere bwabo, imbaraga nyinshi-zingana, kurwanya ruswa, ibikorwa, no ku bikorwa. Ariko, kuramba kwabo - cyane cyane iyo bikoreshwa mubidukikije bitoroshye - biterwa cyane
Amashanyarazi ya electrophoretic, akunze kwitwa * e-coatings * cyangwa * kubitsa electhicphotic. Bavanze bya chimie, siyanse yibintu, nubuhanga bugezweho kugirango barenge amatara araramba, imyenda, nibidukikije
Menya abakora SILFIES ZIFATANYIJE N'UBURENGANZIRA N'UBURENGANZIRA, harimo ibihirwa birambye - byibandaho-byibandaho ndetse n'abagaburira vuba na vuba. Wige ibigo byambere, imigendekere yingenzi, abashoferi bo mumasoko, na faqs kubimenyesha imputi zawe zinganda. Ubu buyobozi bwuzuye bwerekana uruhare runini nikel sulfate ikina mu kindi gihe cyatsi kibisi.
Iyi ngingo irasobanura uruhare runini mu Bufaransa muri Nikel SUlFate, gikubiyemo ibikorwa by'ibanze n'abatanga umusaruro, ubuzima bukomeye bwo gutanga umusaruro, n'inganda zirambye, n'inganda zinganda z'ikoranabuhanga. Irasuzuma kandi abashoferi bo mumasoko, kubahiriza amategeko, no guharanira gutanga urugamba mugihe basubiza ibibazo bisanzwe inganda. Ibirimo bifite akamaro cyane kubucuruzi bashaka ibisubizo bya OEM kubibazo bya aluminium no kubyara.
Ubu buyobozi bwuzuye burambuye abakora amashusho ya Nikel bayobora nabatanga Ubudage, bugaragaza imbaraga zabo, gusaba ibicuruzwa, nimpamvu Ubudage ari Umuyobozi wigenga. Ikubiyemo ibipimo byo guhitamo, imigendekere yisoko, nibisubizo kubibazo byingenzi kubaguzi ninzobere mu nganda.
Iyi ngingo itanga igitabo cyuzuye kubakora amashusho yu Bwongereza nabatanga isoko, kwerekana inganda, ibirango binini, hamwe ningamba zo gufatanya mumasoko yiyongera cyane nisi. Kuva hejuru kurangiza kuri bateri yibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, menya uburyo bwo guhitamo umukunzi ukwiye no kuguma imbere yinganda.
Iyi ngingo irashakisha abakora amashusho ya Nikel hamwe nabatanga muri Amerika, bagaragaza ibicuruzwa byabo byingenzi, ibikoresho byo gusaba, nibikoresho byingenzi byihutirwa. Hamwe nicyitegererezo kirambuye cyunganda, imigendekere yisoko, imiterere yigihe kizaza, nibibazo, bikora nkamatungo akomeye yubucuruzi ashaka ubuziranenge bwa Nikel no mubufatanye bwiringirwa.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza bya chimique byimyirondoro ya aluminium ni ** kunegura kugirango habeho imbaraga, kuramba, kwihangana kwangwa, no kuguha ** mubicuruzwa byanyuma. Guhitamo ingaruka ntabwo ari mico ya mechanical gusa nubwo bifite imbaraga gusa ahubwo bigira ingaruka kubiciro byibiciro, umusaruro wa EF
Muburyo bwunganda bwimbere, ** ibikoresho fatizo fatizo zo kuvura hejuru ** Gukina Uruhare rwo Guhindura hejuru kugirango utezimbere kuramba, imikorere, na aestthetics yibicuruzwa bitabarika. Imiti yo kuvura hejuru ifasha gukumira ruswa, kunoza ubushishozi, kongera ingwate,