Muuqaallada: 222 Qoraa: Carie waxay daabacdaa waqti: 2025-04-27 asal ahaan: Goob
Meheradda waxa ku jira
● Fahamka heerarka daaweynta bullaacadda
>> Waa maxay daaweynta bullaacadda labaad?
>> Saddexda heerarka sare ee daaweynta bullaacadda
● Horumarka taariikhiga ah iyo waajibaadka federaalka
● Jajabka hadda ee dadka Mareykanka ee leh daalidda bullaacadda sare
>> Nidaamyada Daaweynta Bilaashka ah ee Goobta Bilaashka ah (Owts)
● Sidee dawooyinka sare u shaqeeyaa
>> Geedi socodka-talaabo talaabo talaabo ah
>> Teknolojiyadda daaweynta bayoolojiga
● Faa'iidooyinka Caafimaadka Deegaanka iyo Caafimaadka Dadweynaha ee Daaweynta Dugsiga sare
>> Xaddidaadaha nidaamka ee goobta
● Daraasadaha kiis: Daaweynta sare ee ficil
>> Bulshooyinka dhexe ee miyiga
>> Qalabka dib-u-habeynta biyaha ee California ee California
● Isbeddelada mustaqbalka ee daaweynta bullaacadda
>> Biyaha dib u adeegsiga iyo soo kabashada kheyraadka
>> Kaabayaasha Smart iyo Korjoogteynta
● Gabagabo
>> 2. Maxay dadka qaar dadka Mareykanka qaar u laheyn daaweynta sare ee bullaacadda?
>> 3. Sidee daweynta labaad u faa iideysataa jawiga?
>> 4. Miyay dhirta daaweyn ee Mareykanka?
>> 5. Waa maxay isbeddelada mustaqbalka ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee nooga baabba '?
Daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah waa aasaaska rukunka bulshada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka ee Mareykanka. Sida nashaarka iyo hawlo warshadeed ay kordhayaan, markaa baahida loo qabo daaweynta wasakhda wasakhda ah. Waxaa ka mid ah heerarka daaweynta ee kala duwan, Daaweynta bullaacadda labaad waa ugu yaraan federaalka ee loo yaqaan 'Federally' ee loo yaqaan 'Federally' ee loo yaqaan 'Federally' ee loo yaqaan 'Federally', oo loogu talagalay in meesha laga saaro ugu yaraan 85% ee arrinta dabiiciga ah iyo cunnooyinka adag ee ka hakinta wasakhda wasakhda ah. Laakiin mudaynta ay dadka Mareykanka ahi ka faa iidaystaan heerkan daaweynta? Maqaalkani wuxuu sahaminayaa jawaabta, si uu u dhaco taariikhda, tirakoobka hadda jira, geedi socodka daaweynta, iyo caqabadaha mustaqbalka ee daaweynta bullaacadda labaad ee Mareykanka
Daaweynta bullaacadda labaad ee dugsiga sare waxaa loola jeedaa daaweynta bayoolojiga ee wasakhda 'WantaWater' ka dib daaweynta aasaasiga ah (ka saarida jirka ee adkaha). Marxaladaani waxay u isticmaashaa shey sheybaarnimo si uu u burburiyo arrinta dabiiciga ah, oo si weyn hoos loogu dhigay wasakhooyinka ka hor inta aan biyaha lagu siideyn deegaanka ama lagu daweeyo daaweyn dheeraad ah.
Geedi socodka muhiimka ah:
- Nidaamyada qalqallooca firfircoon
- Trickling Miirayaasha
- Xiriiriyaasha bayoolojiga
Qiimaha caadiga ah ee ka saarista:
- Arrinta dabiiciga ah (Bod5): ≥85%
- Ardonolds chicken: ≥85%
Si loo fahmo daaweynta dugsiga sare, waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado heerarka kale:
1. Daaweynta aasaasiga ah: Tani waa wajiga bilowga ah halkaasoo cuncun badan, grit, iyo agab sabeynaya ay jidh ahaan laga saaro baaritaanka iyo hubinta. Caadi ahaan waxay ka saartaa 30-40% ee cunnooyinka adkaha ah iyo arinta dabiiciga ah.
2. Daaweynta sare: Marxaladda bayoolajiga ah ee ay microfosku u dhaco oo la hakiyey arrinta dabiiciga ah. Waxay si weyn u wanaajisaa tayada biyaha iyadoo yareyneysa baahida oksijiinta kiimikada (BOD) iyo cunnooyinka adkaha ah ee la hakiyey qiyaastii 85%.
3. Daaweynta jaamacadda (heerka sare)
Sharciga Biyaha nadiifka ah (CWA) ee 1972 wuxuu calaamad u ahaa goob jeeb ah isagoo u baahan dhammaan dhirta daaweynta daweynta ee degmadu ay ku siiso ugu yaraan daaweyn sare, ama daaweyn adag oo ay lagama maarmaan u tahay tayada biyaha. Maalgelinta iyo qawaaniinta federaalka ayaa waday ballaarinta kaabayaasha daaweynta ee kaabayaasha daaweynta.
- 1972: Kaliya qiyaastii 85 milyan oo Mareykan ah oo ay u adeegeen daaweynta dugsiga sare
- 2008: 223 milyan oo Mareykan ah (72% dadka) ay u adeegaan ugu yaraan daaweyn sare
- 2020 -20: Hagaajinta iyo ballaarinta dheeraadka ah ayaa sii socon, iyadoo la kordhinayo xoojinta ka saarida nafaqada iyo dib-u-isticmaalka biyaha
Hirgelinta CWA ayaa horseeday dhismaha kumanaan dhirta daweynta cusub iyo kor u qaadista kuwa jira, si aad ah u wanaajinaya tayada biyaha naga.
- Illaa iyo 2008: 223 milyan oo Mareykan ah (72% dadka Mareykanka ah) waxaa u adeega dhirta daaweynta bullaacadda bullaacadaha dhexe ee bixiya ugu yaraan daaweyn sare.
- Qiyaastii 3.8 milyan waxaa u adeega tas-hiilaadka bixiya wax ka yar daaweynta dugsiga sare.
- Ku dhawaad 79 milyan oo lagu tiirsanaa nidaamka septic-ka goobta, ee ma ahan daweynta hoose ee degmada.
- Ku dhawaad 15,000 oo daweynta daweynta ee ay dowladdu leedahay (dheriyada) waxay daweeyaan oo sii daayaan ka badan 34 bilyan oo galaan oo biyo-malewsater ah maalin kasta ee Mareykanka.
- 37.5% dhexanaha ayaa leh daaweyn horumarsan (jaamacad) oo ah 2022, oo aad u badan heerar sare.
- Inta ugu badan ee dhirta dawladaha hoose ee dhexe ayaa bixiya ugu yaraan daaweyn sare, sida sharcigu farayo.
Shaxanka: tirada dadka Mareykanka ee ku saabsan nooca daaweynta daaweynta wasakhda ah
| ee nooca daweynta ah | ayaa loo adeegsaday (malaayiin) | % dadka Mareykanka |
|---|---|---|
| Daaweynta labaad ama sare | 223 | 72% |
| Wax ka yar dugsiga sare | 3.8 | 1.2% |
| Nidaamyada Septic ee goobta | 79 | 25% |
Daraasadihii ugu dambeeyay ayaa soo jeedinaya in qiyaastii 25% qoysaska Mareykanka ay adeegsadaan nidaamyada goobta sida haamaha wasakhda ah, qiyaasta sare ee sahan ka badan sahaminta hore. Nidaamyadan looma habeyn sidii dhirta degmadu leedahay oo aysan bixin karin daaweyn sare.
Nidaamyada goobta ku yaal caadi ahaan waxay ku lug leeyihiin haanta xamuulka ee bixiya daweynta aasaasiga ah (xallinta adkaha) iyo beero bullaacad oo loogu talagalay daaweynta ku saleysan carrada. In kasta oo wax ku ool ah meelaha cufnaanta yar, way ku dhici karaan ama sababi karaan ama sababi karaan wasakhaysan biyaha haddii si liidata loo ilaaliyo ama lagu rakibo carrabka aan habooneyn.
1. Daaweynta aasaasiga ah: ka saarida jireed ee cunnooyinka adkaha ah iyo dareeraha waaweyn.
2. Daaweynta labaad: nabaad-guurka bayoolajiga ah ee ku saabsan arinta la kala diray iyo arintaan dabiiciga ah ee la hakiyey.
3. Qalliinka jeermisku wuxuu had iyo jeer raacaa daaweynta labaad si uu u dilo cudurro.
4. Daaweynta Sare / Jaamacadaha: Ka-qaaditaan dheeraad ah oo ka-saaritaannada, birta, ama wasakhooyinka haddii loo baahdo.
- Nidaamka burburka dhaqdhaqaaqa: Habka ugu caansan, halkaas oo hawada lagu tuuro taangiyada si ay u kiciyaan kobaca microbial-ka ee poctors-ka dabiiciga ah.
- Trearling Fallers: Biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa ka gudba sariir saxaafadeed oo daboolay sheybaarka wax ku cuna arrinta dabiiciga ah.
- Xiriiriyaha Brodbalka Beerano: Disksyo waaweyn oo wareejin ah oo qayb ahaan ku dhexjirtay wasakhda wasakhda wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka dawooyinka dawada.
[Infographic: Nidaamka burburka firfircoon]
- Bilowga wasakhda ah taangiyada.
- microorganisms wuxuu baabi'iyaa wasawadaha dabiiciga ah.
- Isku dhafka ah waxay ku dhacdaa si loo caddeeyo sicifyada labaad.
- Biyaha la daweeyay waa la sii daayaa ama loo diraa daaweyn dheeraad ah.
Daaweynta sare wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa:
- Yaraynta baahinta bayooloji (Bololojiyada): Burburka hoose micnaheedu waa dhagxan yar oo oksijiin ka yar helitaanka biyaha, ilaalinta nolosha biyaha.
- Ka saarida cunnooyinka adag ee la hakiyey
- Cudurka loo yaqaan 'pathogen'
- Ka-hortagga eutrophanication: adoo yareynaya arrinta dabiiciga ah, daaweynta dugsiga sare waxay ka caawineysaa xadidaada ubaxyada algaal ee loo yaqaan 'nafaqada'.
Dhismo badan oo daweynta ah oo Mareykan ah ayaa sannado badan ka gaara, oo u baahan casriyeyn si loo ilaaliyo u hoggaansanaanta iyo hufnaanta. Sida laga soo xigtay Ururka Injineerka Mareykanka ee Injineerada Rayidka (ASECE), Kaabayaasha biyaha wasakhda ah ee Mareykanka ayaa helay fasalka sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, oo muujinaya baahida loo qabo maalgashi.
- Tuubbada la soo koobay iyo qalabka gaboobay waxay kordhiyaan halista fashilka iyo wasakhda.
- Maalgelinta farqiga u dhexeeya federaalka, gobolka, iyo heerarka maxalliga ah ayaa carqaladeeya dadaallada casriga ah.
Kordhinta dadka iyo magaalooyinka ayaa cadaadis saaraysa tas-hiilaadka jira, ka dib baahida baahida loo qabo ballaarinta iyo casriyeynta.
- Aagagga magaalo-baxa badanaa waxay la kulmaan caqabado karti leh.
- Horumarrada cusub waxay u baahan yihiin xiriir ku saabsan nidaamyada jira ama dhirta daaweynta cusub.
Heerarka adag ee EPA ee tayada biyaha tayada biyaha iyo ka saarida nafaqada ayaa kicineysa kor u qaadida kor u qaadista dugsiga sare illaa daaweyn horumarsan oo ka jira gobollo badan.
- Valethingence-ka nafaqada (nitrogen iyo fosfooraska) waa sababta ugu weyn ee soonaha dhintay ee jirka sida gacanka Mexico.
- Gobollo badan waxay u baahan yihiin ka saaritaan nafaqo oo la xoojiyay oo ka baxsan daaweynta dugsiga sare.
Nidaamyada Septic, inta ay ku baahsan yihiin meelaha miyiga ah, way dhici karaan ama wasakheeyaan biyaha dhulka ah haddii aan si habboon loo dayactirin, oo caadiyan aysan bixin daweynta dugsiga sare.
- Nidaamyada lama huraanka ah ee ku guuldareysta ayaa gacan ka geysata dhibaatooyinka tayada biyaha ee deegaan ee loo yaqaan.
- Kordhinta ama isku xidhka meelaha miyiga ah ee nidaamyada dawladaha hoose waa qaali oo adag.
- Dhirta daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee NYC waxay u adeegtaa in ka badan 8 milyan oo qof.
- Dhammaan dhirtu waxay bixiyaan ugu yaraan dawooyin sare, iyadoo dad badan kor loo qaaday si looga saaro ka saaritaan nafaqo leh.
- Qashin-qubka magaalada ayaa biyo lagu daweeyey biyaha badda ee ku xeeran iyo wadooyinka biyaha ku xeeran.
- Magaalooyin badan oo yaryar oo ku tiirsan nidaamyada Lagoon ee bixiya daweynta sare.
- Nidaamyada Lagoon oo adeegsanaya hanaannada dabiiciga ah laakiin waxay u baahan yihiin aagag dhul badan.
- Bulshooyinka qaar wali waxay isticmaalaan daaweynta aasaasiga ah ama nidaamyada xamuulka sababa caqabadaha qarashka ah awgood.
- Kaliforniya waa hoggaamiye ku saabsan kor u qaadida dhirta daweynta dugsiga sare ilaa daaweynta ama daweyn sare.
- Bilaabida wasakhda ah ee lagu daweeyo waxaa lagu sameeyaa waraabka, dib u soo iibsiga biyaha dhulka, iyo adeegsiga warshadaha.
- Tani waxay yareynaysaa baahida biyaha cusub waxayna ka caawineysaa maaraynta xaaladaha abaarta.
- Waxaa si isdaba joog ah, wasakhda wasakhda ah waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay kheyraad biyo, tamar, iyo nafaqooyin.
- Teknolojiyada sida xuubka 'xuubka birtaeactors iyo nidaamyada soo kabashada ee nafaqada ayaa helaya jahwareer.
- Dareemayaasha iyo AI waxay kaa caawinayaan kobcinta geedi socodka daaweynta iyo dib u soo kabashada guul-darrooyinka goor hore.
- Xogta waqtiga-dhabta ah waxay hagaajisaa hufnaanta hawlgalka iyo u hoggaansanaanta.
- Dhirta daaweyntu waa inay u diyaar garowdaa dhacdooyinka cimilada ba'an ee wax ka badali kara nidaamyada.
- Naqshado daadad u adkaysata daadadka iyo xulashooyinka daaweyn ee baahinta ayaa la sahaminayaa.
Jawiga dadka Mareykanka ahi ma leeyihiin daweyn bullaacad labaad?
Sida xogtii ugu dambeysay ee ugu dambeysay, qiyaastii 72% dadka Mareykanka ah waxaa u shaqeeya dhirta daaweynta bullaacadda bullaacadda bullaacadaha ee siiya ugu yaraan daaweynta dugsiga sare, sida ay u baahan tahay sharciga federaalka. Jajabkan ayaa si isdaba joog ah u koray ilaa 1970-yadii, iyadoo ka tarjumaysa maalgashiyo la taaban karo oo ka mid ah caafimaadka bulshada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, qiyaastii rubuc ka mid ah dadka Mareykanka ah ayaa ku tiirsan nidaamyada goobta, oo laga yaabo inaysan bixin isla heerka daaweynta. Kordhinta sii socota, qawaaniinta adag, iyo xog aruurinta ka wanaagsan ayaa muhiim u ah xaqiijinta maareynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee waxtarka leh ee dhammaan dadka Mareykanka ah.
Mustaqbalka bullaacadda bullaacadda ee Mareykanka ayaa ku jira casriyeynta kaabayaasha gabowga, ballaarinta tikniyoolajiyadda daaweynta ee horumarsan, iyo isku-daridda soo kabashada kheyraadka iyo biyaha dib-u-soo-kabashada biyaha ee koraya iyo caqabadaha caafimaadka bulshada.
Daaweynta aasaasiga ah waxay meesha ka saartaa culimada adag iyo salka ku haysa geedi socodka jirka. Daaweynta sare waxay isticmaashaa geedi socodka bayooloji si ay u yareyso arrinta dabiiciga ah iyo cunnooyinka adag. Daaweynta jaamacadda (heerka sare) waxay ka saartaa nafaqooyinka, cudurada, iyo sunta si loo gaaro heerar tayo sare oo biyo ah.
Qiyaastii 25% dadka Mareykanka ah waxay u isticmaalaan nidaamyada goobta sida taangiyada Septik, kuwaas oo caan ku ah meelaha miyiga ah ayagoon helin kaabayaasha bullaacadda bullaacadaha ee dhexe. Nidaamyadan waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan bixin daweynta sare waxaana si ka duwan looga maamuli karaa dhirta degmada.
Daaweynta sare waxay si weyn hoos ugu dhigeysaa wasakhowga dabiiciga ah iyo cudurada, hagaajinta tayada biyaha ee wabiyada, harooyinka, iyo aagagga xeebaha. Tani waxay ilaalinaysaa nolosha biyaha, caafimaadka bulshada, iyo biyaha madadaalada.
In kasta oo inta badan magaalooyinka magaalooyinka ay ka shaqeeyaan daaweyn sare ama ka sareeya, kaabayaasha gabowga iyo carqaladeynta magaalooyinka oo dhakhso leh awooda iyo waxtarka dhirta badan. Maalgashiga sii socda iyo casriyeynta ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo sii haysto xawaaraha.
Isbeddellada waxaa ka mid ah kor u qaadista tikniyoolajiyadda daaweynta ee horumarsan, isku-darka biyaha dib-u-dhaca, hagaajinta ka saarida nafaqada, iyo ballaarinta daaweynta nafaqada ee aagagga aan loo dulqaadan. Cadaadiska sharci-dejinta iyo wacyiga dadweynaha ayaa wata horumarkooda.
[1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/statistic/1473528/ditch-Wampriirin-Warbid -Tatent-platills-U-U-U-U-U-U-U-U-UFy-typeat/
[2] https://css.umich.edu/publications/factsheetshats/factsheets/factsheets/water/US-wastheer --FactShattStatStatet-FactSheetteratet
[3] https://www.grandviewresearearearch.com/indunsry-ansisy-gusist/us-wasterewater-secoscor-requipment-marcequipment-marcequipment- astaan)
[4] https://www.gov/nutrientpolint/sialas/saalaces-aalan-onal-wateware
[5] https://www3.gov/npdes/pubs/pubs/Npdes_SeCosy_Setozint_Report_Report_march2013.pdf
[6] https://www.everscrsreport.com/files/20141030_98_98-323_440beacb2b941A26Ca784b1f11A36.pdf459.pdf
[7] https://Iwaponline.com/wp/artarticle/25/9/927/97569/ousightlater-waxel-nastel-ament-aman-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-d-sprison
[8] https://www3.gov/npdes/pubs/mstr-ch3.pdf
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