Reba: 222 Umwanditsi: Carie gutangaza igihe: 2025-04-05 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Ibikubiyemo
● Intangiriro Kubikoresho fatizo
>> Akamaro k'ibikoresho fatizo
● Ubwoko bwibikoresho bya jaw chew
● Uruhare rw'ibikoresho fatizo mu gukora
● Guhuza no kugenzura ubuziranenge
>> 1..
>> 2. Ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge
● INGORANE N'UBUKURIKIRA MU BIKORESHWA BWA SEW
>> INGORANE
>> Udushya
● Ingaruka Kubungabunga na Politiki y'ibidukikije
>> 2. Amabwiriza y'ibidukikije
● Imvugo yubukungu n'imibereho
● Ibibazo
>> 1. Ni ibihe bikoresho bya shimi?
>> 2. Kuki kugenzura ubuziranenge ari ngombwa kubikoresho fatizo?
>> 3. Nigute amasoko aturuka ibikoresho fatizo?
>> 4. Ni izihe ngero zimwe zerekana ibikoresho bibisi bivuguruza?
>> 5. Nigute icyatsi kibisi kigira ingaruka ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bibisi?
● Citation
Inganda za shimiya ni urufatiro rwumuco ugezweho, rutanga ibicuruzwa byingenzi kuva mumiti n'ifumbire kuri plastiki na electronics. Kumutima wiyi nganda nini Ibikoresho by'ibisi mbisi , inyubako y'ibanze ihagarika gutwara udushya, imikorere, no kuramba. Iyi ngingo isimeza impamvu ibikoresho fatizo bitabikorwa kumiti, gusuzuma inshingano zabo, ubwoko, gusuka, ningaruka kubikorwa byo gukora.
Ibikoresho fatishi ni ibintu bidatunganye bikoreshwa nkibintu byinyongera mubisubizo bya shimi kugirango bibone ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Ibi bikoresho ni ngombwa kunganda nka faruceticals, imyambarire, ubuhinzi, na elegitoroniki. Tutabaye ibyo, umusaruro wibintu bya buri munsi nkimiti, ihimbaza, ibikoresho, na plastike ntibishoboka.
- Fondasiyo yumusaruro: Nintangiriro yo gukora imiti igoye.
- Ingaruka mu bukungu: Gukoresha neza ibikoresho fatizo birashobora kugabanya cyane amafaranga yumusaruro.
- Umushoferi udushya: ibikoresho bishya bya fatizo bikunze gutera intambwe mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa.
Ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi birashobora gutondekanya cyane muburyo bubiri:
Bikomoka ku binyabuzima cyangwa birimo ibice bya karubone:
- Ingero: Cellulose, Lignin, Methane.
- Porogaramu: Imiti, kwisiga, inyongeramusaruro.
Ikomoka ku mabuye y'agaciro cyangwa imyumbati nta karubone:
- Ingero: Sulfuru, Azote, Ogisijeni, Ibyuma.
- Porogaramu: Ibyingenzi, abasekwa, ceramic.
Ibikoresho fatizo fatizo bigira uruhare runini muri buri cyiciro cyo gukora:
Ibikoresho fatizo bigena imitungo yumubiri na shimi ya nyuma:
- Kukemera
- Crystallisation
- Kurwanya Ruswa
Gukoresha neza ibikoresho fatizo bigabanya imyanda kandi bikarushaho gusohora:
- Urugero: Amahame ya Green Chimie yibanda ku gukoresha umutungo urambye.
Ibikoresho byibanze byibanze bituma bidahuje igitsina no kwizerwa mubikorwa:
- Ibipimo byera birakomeye kuri farumasi nibicuruzwa byibiribwa.
Guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo bikubiyemo kumenya abatanga isoko bizewe bashobora gutanga ireme rihamye:
- Inkomoko y'ibinyabuzima (urugero, Biomass)
- Inkomoko ya Onorganic (urugero, ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro)
Kugirango umutekano n'imikorere, abakora bakoresha uburyo bukomeye bwo gupima:
- Impfizi
- Chromatography
- imigambi
1. Ingaruka y'ibidukikije:
- Ibikoresho bidasubirwaho nka peteroli bigira uruhare mu kwanduza.
- Ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro birashobora kwangiza urusobe rwa Ecosystem.
2. Urunigi rutunguranye:
- Ibibazo bya Geopol birashobora kugira ingaruka kubijyanye nibikoresho bikomeye.
3. Gucunga Ibiciro:
- Ibikoresho byibanze byibanze bikunze kuza ku giciro cya premium.
1. Ibikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa:
- Biomass na Co₂ nkibindi bishakiye mubi.
- Biomuels nibinyabuzima birungurutse.
2. Ibikorwa byo gutunganya:
- Moderi zubukungu zishingiye ku kongera ibikoresho.
3. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho:
- Catalsts yo kunoza imikorere myiza.
- Ubuyobozi bwa Ai-Gutwara Ibinyabiziga bisobanura uburyohe.
Gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo fatizo bifite ingaruka zikomeye kugirango habaho politiki irambye kandi ibidukikije:
- Icyatsi kibisi: Kwibanda ku kugabanya imyanda no gukoresha ibikoresho bishoboka.
- Ubukungu bwizengurutse: Shishikariza gutunganya no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho.
- Kurwanya ibyuka bimukanwa: Politiki igamije kugabanya umwanda mubikoresho fatizo no gutunganya.
- Kubungabunga umutungo: Imbaraga zo kurengera umutungo kamere kubisekuruza bizaza.
- Ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije: Abaguzi barushaho gusaba ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu bikoresho bihamye.
- Gukorera mu mucyo: Ibigo biteganijwe ko bishimangira imigenzo yabo yo gutaka no kugira ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije.
Inganda zimiti zishingiye kubikoresho fatizo nabyo bifite akamaro mu bukungu n'imibereho myiza:
- Gukora akazi: Inganda zishyigikira miriyoni imirimo kwisi yose.
- Igisekuru cyinjira: Ibicuruzwa bitanga imiti bigira uruhare runini mubukungu bwigihugu.
- Gukurikiza abaturage: Ibigo bigomba kwishoramo abaturage baho kugirango bakemure ibibazo bidukikije.
- Ubuzima n'umutekano: guharanira umutekano w'akazi no kugabanya ingaruka zubuzima zijyanye no gufata ibikoresho fatizo.
- Amasezerano yubucuruzi: Kubona ibikoresho fatizo bikunze guhindura politiki mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi.
- Ihindagurika ryisoko: Impinduka mubiciro byabigenewe birashobora kugira ingaruka ku masoko ku isi.
Ibikoresho by'ibiti by'ibiti byingenzi ku nganda z'imiti, gukora umugongo inzira zitabarika zitabarika. Guhitamo kwabo, kugenzura ubuziranenge, hamwe no guhanga udushya ntibigena imikorere yumusaruro ahubwo no hejuru y'ibidukikije. Nkinganda ngikora kugirango irambye, yibanda ku buryo bushobora kubona hamwe na chimie yicyatsi bizakomeza gukura.
Ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi nibintu byibanze bikoreshwa mubisubizo bya shimi kugirango bicuruzwa byuzuye nkibifirisi, plastiki, cyangwa ifumbire.
Igenzura ryiza ryemeza ko ibikoresho fatizo byujuje ubuziranenge no gukora buri gihe mugihe cyo gukora.
Inganda zituruka kuri ibyo bikoresho muri kano (urugero, biomass) cyangwa inorurnic (urugero, amabuye y'agaciro (imyunyu ngugu) abatanga bakurikije ibyo bakeneye.
Ingero zirimo biomass (ikoreshwa kuri biofuls) na dioxyde de carbone (ikoreshwa mubisubizo bimwe byimiti).
Chiewie Green iteza imbere imigenzo irambye igabanya imyanda no gukoresha umutungo ushobora kongera neza.
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Iyi ngingo yuzuye ya Espagne Abakora Feriles hamwe nabatanga isoko, abatanga ibitekerezo byabo, bashimangira umusaruro uhiganwa, porogaramu zinganda, hamwe nubuziranenge bukomeye. Irerekana akamaro ka Squlfate ya Felrous mu kuvura amazi, ubuhinzi, imiti, imiti, no gutunganya ibintu mugihe ushimangira uruhare rwa SPOT mu ruhererekane rw'ibihugu by'Uburayi.
Iyi ngingo yuzuye irasuzuma igereranya abakora ferrous n'abaguzi mu Butaliyani. Irimo ibigo byingenzi, tekinoroji yingenzi, Igenzura ryiza ryambere, kugenzura ubuziranenge, hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye mubuhinzi, gutunganya amazi, no gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Ishimangira udushya, ubushobozi bwihariye, imbaraga zirambye, hamwe nu ruhererekane rwizewe, gutanga ubushishozi bufite ubushishozi bwubucuruzi buva kuri sulnate ya ferrous kwisi yose.
Iyi ngingo irashakisha abakora ba ferrous ferrous hamwe nabatanga mu Burusiya, bagaragaza ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga umusaruro, gusaba ibicuruzwa, hamwe ninshingano zo mumaso. Irimo inganda zingenzi, ubwoko bwibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo guhitamo, ibikorwa byohereza hanze, hamwe nimbaraga zirambye, zitanga ubushishozi burambuye kuri sundate ya supeate.
Iyi ngingo yuzuye itanga ubushishozi kubakora ferrous bakomeye hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa mubwongereza, birambuye kubitanga umusaruro munganda nko kuvura amazi, ubuhinzi, no kuvura imiti. Iraganira ku gupakira, icyizere cyiza, inama zo gutoranya abatanga, kandi zirimo ibiryo bifasha, bigashoboka gukora ibyemezo bifata ibyemezo bya sullerote ferrous.
Iyi ngingo irashakisha abakora ferrous balfute n'abatanga mu Budage, bibanda ku masosiyete y'ingenzi nk'ubukorikori bwa coffen, Ferro duo, na kirsch pharma. Irimo ubwoko bwibicuruzwa, porogaramu zo gutunganya amazi, ubuhinzi, na faruceti, kandi igaragaza ibipimo ngenderwaho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nimbaraga zihoraho zo mu Budage. Incamake yuzuye nayo ikubiyemo ubushishozi kumigendekere yisoko hamwe nubwumvikane bushinzwe, bushyigikiwe namashusho agereranya kugirango asobanukirwe.
Iyi ngingo yuzuye irasuzuma abakora ferrous balrous hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa mu Bufaransa, bagaragaza ibipimo ngenderwaho, hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye mu kuvura, gucunga amazi meza, nubuhinzi. Irakubiyemo kandi tekinoroji yo kuvura udushya, serivisi za OEM, hamwe nibibazo byisoko, bitanga insanganyamatsiko yuzuye kandi irambuye.
Iyi ngingo irashakisha abakora ferrous balrous hamwe nabatanga mu Burayi, bagaragaza ibicuruzwa byabo bingana, tekinoroji yumusaruro, ninshingano zo mumaso. Itanga ubushishozi burambuye muburyo amasosiyete yiburayi ashyigikira inganda zitandukanye hamwe nibicuruzwa bya ferrote byisumbuye mugihe cyibanda ku kuramba no guhanga udushya.
Iyi ngingo itanga insanganyamatsiko irambuye yabakora ferrous balrous hamwe nabatanga muri Amerika, bibanda kumasosiyete nka MILCECILES LLC, imiti ya Nowa, na Haviland. Ikubiyemo imiterere yibicuruzwa, inganda zitangwa, amahame meza, ninyungu zo gufatanya nabo. Igice kirimo amashusho yerekana ibicuruzwa nibipakira nibisubizo bikunze kubazwa ibibazo byabaguzi bafasha mugukora ibyemezo byuzuye.
Iyi ngingo isubiramo abakora thromium trioxide nabatanga inganda za Nippon na SRL, bagaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bifatika, ibikoresho bya eleginedric, hamwe no kuvura hejuru. Ubuyapani bukomeje kuba isoko yizewe ya chromium triyoxide.
Shakisha abakora muri Koreya y'Eapor trioxide n'abatanga, harimo no guhanga udushya, ku isi hose, kandi wibande ku mutekano no gukomeza. Wige ibigo binini, gusaba inganda, amabwiriza y'ibidukikije, imigendekere y'ibidukikije, n'ibisubizo ku bibazo rusange by'isoko - guha imbaraga abaguzi mpuzamahanga n'abafatanyabikorwa mu bushishozi bunoze muri iyi miti ikomeye.
Iki gitabo cyuzuye kitwikiriye abakora triyoxide ya Thromide hamwe nabatanga imiti, ibisobanuro birambuye, porogaramu zisobanutse, abatanga imyirondoro, ibisabwa kugirango bahitemo abacuruzi bizewe. Iyi ngingo ikubiyemo kandi imikorere y'ingenzi y'umutekano, ubushishozi bw'inganda, hamwe nigice kinini cya FAQ kugirango byoroherezwe kugura no gukoresha neza umutekano wa Thioxide ya Chromium.
Iyi ngingo yuzuye Espagne Abakora Thromium Trioxyde nabatanga, bagaragaza uruhare rwabo mumirenge nkabavuramo aluminium hamwe nimodoka ya Automotive. Irasobanura abakinnyi bakomeye inganda, porogaramu yibicuruzwa, kugenzura ubuziranenge, imikorere yumutekano, nudushya. Ibikubiyemo biranga amashusho hamwe nibibazo birambuye, gufasha abasomyi bumva isoko ryisoko na Espagne mubutatu bwa Chromium.
Shakisha abakora Ubutaliyani Trioxide Abakora no gutanga ibicuruzwa, umusaruro wabo, ibipimo byiza, ibipimo ngenderwaho, hamwe na porogaramu zinganda. Menya impamvu abatanga umutaliyani, barimo igituba na Cromination, bizeye kwisi yose kubisubizo byizewe bya chromioxide mubisubizo, byumvikana, hamwe ninganda zinganda.
Iyi ngingo isubiramo abakora triyoxide nabatanga inganda Irakora ahantu hasabwa, umutekano, ibitekerezo bishinzwe kugenzura, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubona inganda, bisoza ibibi kubaguzi b'inganda.
Menya abarusiya bakomeye ba Stannous Stannous Stannous nabatanga isoko, gusaba, inyungu, ninganda. Shakisha ubushishozi bwizewe, ubushishozi bwisoko, imbaraga zirambye, hamwe na faq yinzobere kugirango utezimbere icyemezo cyawe gikurikira mu miti yihariye yu Burusiya.
Iyi ngingo itanga incamake yimbitse ya Thromium Trioxside nabatanga isoko mu Bwongereza, yibanda ku masosiyete nka oxkem na tsinda ryapa. Itwikiriye uburyo bwabo bworoshye, porogaramu ya Thromium Trioxyde, ibipimo byumutekano, inganda zikoresha, nibipakira ibicuruzwa biboneka. Ingingo ikubiyemo kandi amashusho hamwe nibibazo birambuye kugirango ufashe ubucuruzi muguhitamo uburyo bwiza bwa chimium imiti yo kuvura inganda nibindi bikorwa.
Iyi ngingo irakora iyobora abakora trioxide nabatanga Ubudage, burambuye mu Budage, ibisobanuro byabo byateye imbere umusaruro wabo, kwiyemeza amabwiriza y'ibidukikije n'umutekano, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku isoko. Inganda zamabati mu Budage zikomeje gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza bya Chromium Trioxide kuri electraplating, ubuvuzi bwo hejuru, hamwe no gukora imiti, mugihe ukurikirana ibishushanyo mbonera, mugihe ukurikirana icyatsi kibisi nubundi buryo butekane.
Shakisha abakora triyoium trioxide n'abatanga mu Bufaransa, ibicuruzwa byabo, ibyifuzo by'inganda, no kubahiriza amategeko. Iyi ngingo iyobora imishinga yerekeranye no gufatanya ubutatu bwa Chromium kuri electraplating, ubuvuzi bwo hejuru, hamwe nubucuruzi bwo kwamazi hamwe nubuhanga burambye hamwe nubushakashatsi burambye.
Iyi ngingo itanga incamake yuzuye ya Thromium Trioxide nabatanga Uburayi, harimo ibigo byingenzi nkibikorwa byamamaza na Vopelius Chemie AG. Irimo imiterere yibicuruzwa, porogaramu, ibibazo byo kugenzura bitarenze EU bigera, hamwe no guhanga udushya. Gushimangira ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, umutekano, hamwe nibisubizo bihujwe, kwerekana uruhare runini mu Burayi mu isoko rya chromium glogexide.
Iyi ngingo itanga incamake yuzuye ya Thromium Trioxide nabatanga muri Amerika, birasobanura ibicuruzwa byabo, porogaramu, ibitekerezo byumutekano, hamwe na serivisi zuzuzanya. Ikora nkamagambo yingenzi kubucuruzi ashakisha amasoko yizewe ya trioxide nziza ya chromium muburyo butandukanye bwinganda.