Reba: 213 Umwanditsi: Katherine Gutanga Igihe: 2024-11-05 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Ibikubiyemo
● Gusobanukirwa ibikoresho fatizo
>> Ubwoko bwibikoresho bya jaw chew
>> Inkomoko y'ibikoresho by'ibiti by'ibiti
>> Farumasi
>> Ubuhinzi
>> Imyenda
● Ingaruka zubukungu bwibikoresho bya shitingi
>> Kurema akazi
>> Guhanga udushya n'ubushakashatsi
● Ibihe by'ejo hazaza mu bikoresho by'ibiti by'ibiti
● Ibibazo bifitanye isano nibisubizo
● 1. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibikoresho fatizo?
>> 2. Nigute ibikoresho chemical imiti bigira ingaruka inganda za farumasi?
>> 3. Ni uruhe ruhare ibikoresho bibisi bigira mu buhinzi?
>> 4. Ni izihe mpungenge z'ibidukikije zijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ibiti by'imiti?
>> 5. Nigute inganda za shimi zikemura ibibazo birambye?
Ibikoresho fatizo mbisi nimbofatizo zikoreshwa mugukora imiti itandukanye. Bagira uruhare rukomeye mu nganda nyinshi, harimo imiti, ubuhinzi, plastike, n'imyenda. Gusobanukirwa akamaro k'ibikoresho fatizo by'ibiti byimiti ni ngombwa kubantu bose bagize uruhare mu gukora, ubushakashatsi, cyangwa siyanse y'ibidukikije. Iyi ngingo izashakisha ubwoko bwibikoresho fatizo, ibyifuzo byabo, ningaruka zabo mubukungu nibidukikije.
Ibikoresho fatizo bya chimique birashobora gusobanurwa nkibintu byibanze byahinduwe binyuze muburyo bwa shimi kugirango bikore ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kokorwa mubisoko karemano cyangwa synthesied binyuze mubitekerezo bya shimi. Ubwiza no kuboneka bwibikoresho fatizo bigira ingaruka kuburyo imikorere no kuramba mubikorwa.
Ibikoresho bya shitingi byibishishwa byimiti birashobora gushyirwa mubwoko butandukanye bushingiye ku nkomoko no gusaba. Ibyiciro by'ibanze birimo:
1. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byifatizo: Ibi byatangajwe biturutse kuri kamere kandi birimo amabuye y'agaciro, ibimera, n'ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Ingero zirimo amavuta yubukorikori, gaze kamere, hamwe nibicuruzwa bitandukanye byubuhinzi.
2. Ibikoresho byibiciro byibiciro byibiciro: Ibi byakozwe binyuze mumiti no gushyiramo ibice byinshi nka plastiki, fibre ya synthique, na farumasi. Bakunze kuba bagenewe kuzuza ibipimo byihariye.
3. Imiti Hagati: Ibi nibikorwa bikozwe mubikoresho fatizo birubanwa kugirango ukore ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Bakora nk'amakuba mu nzira yo gukora imiti.
4. Imiti yihariye: Ibi ni imiti ifite agaciro gafite agaciro mugihe gito kubisabwa, nka katali, ifatika, no kurera.
Inkomoko yibikoresho fatizo ni bitandukanye kandi birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa muburyo bwongerwa kandi butunze. Ibikoresho byinshi birimo biomass, bishobora kuzuzwa bisanzwe, mugihe ibikoresho bidashobora kongerwa, nkibicanwa byibima byiza, birarengana kandi byangiritse mugihe runaka.
Biomass nisoko ikomeye yibikoresho bishya bya chimike. Harimo ibikoresho kama nkibiti, ibisigazwa byubuhinzi, nimyanda. Ibi bikoresho birashobora guhindurwa muri bioful, ibinyabuzima, hamwe nindi miti binyuze muburyo butandukanye nka fermelese na pyrolyse.
Amashyamba, harimokara, amavuta, na gaze karemano, ni isoko yibanze idashobora kongerwa ibikoresho fatizo. Bakuwe ku isi kandi batunganya kubyara imiti itandukanye, harimo na peteroli, ari ngombwa mu gutanga ibyakozwe na plastike na fibre.
Ibikoresho fatizo byibiti byibasiye inganda zitandukanye, buriwese akoresha ibyo bintu muburyo budasanzwe. Porogaramu zabo zimara kumirenge myinshi, zerekana ko bitandukanye n'akamaro.
Mu nganda za farumasi, ibikoresho fatizo byimiti ni ngombwa kuri synthesis yibikoresho byingenzi bya farumasi (APIS). Ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora imiti ifata imiterere yubuzima butandukanye. Ubwiza no kweza ibikoresho fatizo fatizo bigira ingaruka muburyo butemewe n'umutekano wibicuruzwa bya farumasi.
Ibikoresho fatizo nabyo ni ingenzi mu buhinzi, aho bikoreshwa mu gutanga ifumbire, imiti yica udukoko, n'amababa. Ibi bintu byongera umusaruro kandi birinda ibihingwa udukoko n'indwara. Iterambere ryibikorwa birambye byubuhinzi bigenda byishingikiriza kubijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho byimiti bibisi.
Inganda za plastiki ziterwa cyane nibikoresho bya shimi bikomoka kuri petrochemicals. Ibi bikoresho byahinduwe mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya plastike, mugupakira ibice byimodoka. Ibisobanuro bya plastiki byatumye bahindura ubuzima bwa none, ariko ingaruka zabo z'ibidukikije zagaragaje impungenge zerekeye kuramba.
Mu nganda zimbuto, ibikoresho fatizo byibiti bikoreshwa mugukora fibre ya synthetic nka polyester na nylon. Ibi bikoresho bitanga kuramba no guhinduranya, kubatera amahitamo akunzwe kumyenda nibindi bicuruzwa byimyenda. Inganda nazo zishakisha ubundi buryo burambye, nka fibre zishingiye ku bio, kugabanya ibidukikije bidukikije.
Inganda imiti ni umusanzu uhamye mubukungu bwisi yose, hamwe nibikoresho fatizo fatizo zigira uruhare runini muri uru rwego. Kuboneka nibiciro byibi bikoresho birashobora guhindura ibiciro byumusaruro, ibiciro, hamwe nisoko rusange.
Inganda zimiti zitanga amamiriyoni kwisi yose, uhereye kubikoresho fatizo kugirango bikore kandi bigabanuke. Gusaba imirimo yubuhanga muri uru rwego bikomeje kwiyongera, bitwarwa niterambere ryikoranabuhanga kandi dukeneye imigenzo irambye.
Ishoramari mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere ni ngombwa mu iterambere ry'ibikoresho fatizo. Udushya muri Synthesis, gutunganya, no gusaba birashobora gutuma tuvumbura ibikoresho bishya nibikorwa byongerera inyungu no kuramba. Kwibanda ku chimie yicyatsi bigamije kugabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije mugihe ukoresha ibikoresho byinshi.
Mugihe ibikoresho bibisi byingenzi munganda butandukanye, umusaruro no gukoresha birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye zibidukikije. Gukemura ibibazo byibibazo nibyingenzi kugirango ugere ku iterambere rirambye.
Gukuramo no gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo bya chimique birashobora gutera umwanda no guta imyanda. Ibyuka biva mu gukuramo ibimabyo no gukora imiti birashobora kugirira nabi umwuka n'amazi. Gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro w'isuku n'ingamba zo gucunga imyanda ni ngombwa kugirango dugabanye ibyo bigo.
Kwishingikiriza kumitungo idashobora kongerwa bitera impungenge zijyanye no guhunga umutungo. Mugihe abategetsi ku isi bakura kandi bagasaba ibicuruzwa byimiti biriyongera, igitutu kuri ibyo bikoresho bitagira ingano bitera. Inziba kugirango ubone ibikoresho rusange no guteza imbere ibikorwa byubukungu byizengurutse birashobora gufasha gukemura ibyo bibazo.
Inganda za shimi ni umusanzu uhamye kuri parike yibyuka bya parike, cyane cyane biterwa no gutwikwa ibicanwa byamashyamba. Kwimura ikoranabuhanga-hasi-ba karubelogio-yo guhora no gukoresha imigenzo irambye irashobora gufasha kugabanya ikirenge cya karubone no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Ejo hazaza h'ibikoresho fatizo bisa n'ibikorwa byinshi, harimo no kuramba, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, no guhindura ibyo umuguzi akunda.
Guhindura biganisha ku birambye ni ugutwara iterambere ryibikoresho bya shimi ya vino. Ibi birimo gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora kongerwa, ibikoresho bya biodegrafiya, nibikorwa bigabanya imyanda numyuka. Amasosiyete aragenda akora imyitozo irambye kugirango yujuje ibisabwa na baguzi bisaba ibicuruzwa byinshuti.
Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rihindura umusaruro no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho fatizo. Udushya muri Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, kandi ibikoresho bya siyanse biganisha ku iterambere ryibikoresho bishya hamwe numutungo wiyongereye. Izi nsengero zirashobora kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije.
Igitekerezo cyo kuzenguruka kuzenguruka gishimangira akamaro ko gukora no gusubiramo ibikoresho kugirango ugabanye imyanda. Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho fatizo, ubu buryo butera inkunga iterambere ryimikorere yemerera gukira no kwishura ibikoresho, kugabanya ibikenewe kubikoresho byisugi.
Ibikoresho fatizo nibyingenzi mubikorwa byumuryango wa none, bigira ingaruka kunganda butandukanye n'ubukungu muri rusange. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabo, porogaramu, hamwe nibidukikije ni ngombwa mu guteza imbere imigenzo irambye no guhanga udushya. Ubwo isi iharanira ejo hazaza irambye, uruhare rw'ibikoresho fatizo bizakomeza guhinduka, kwerekana imbogamizi n'amahirwe ku nganda n'abashakashatsi kimwe.
