Sewage treatment represents one of the most crucial environmental processes in modern civilization, serving as a cornerstone of public health and environmental protection. The comprehensive process of treating sewage encompasses various sophisticated methods and technologies, all working together to achieve specific objectives that benefit both human society and the natural environment. As urbanization continues to rise, the volume of wastewater generated increases, making effective sewage treatment more essential than ever. This article delves into the aims of sewage treatment, exploring its significance, processes, and future directions.